The act or practice of lending money at an exorbitant or illegal interest rate. synonymous with “preliminary inquiry”; The hearing held by an associate district judge (or federal court judge) to determine whether a person charged with a crime should be brought to trial. An offence less serious than a felony and punishable by a fine or imprisonment for up to one year, or both. The categories of offences and concepts are as follows: for a category A offence, a period not exceeding one year; in the case of a class B administrative offence, a maximum period of six months; and for a class C administrative offence, a maximum period of fifteen days. Legal proceedings to enforce the payment of a debt by the sale of immovable property over which the creditor has a lien. All shares of ownership of the debtor at the time of bankruptcy. The estate technically becomes the temporary legal owner of all of the debtor`s assets. Literally “telling the truth.” Preliminary questioning of potential jurors by the court and lawyers to determine their qualifications for a jury in each case. In addition, examine a witness by a lawyer to make a formal objection to the witness` testimony or other evidence. An official who chooses names to be placed in a jury wheel or who draws the jury for a court session. A legal procedure to deal with the debt problems of individuals and companies; in particular, a case filed under one of the chapters of title 11 of the United States Code. Section 707(b)(2) of the Insolvency Code applies a “means test” to determine whether registration of an individual debtor under Chapter 7 is considered an abuse of the Insolvency Code requiring dismissal or conversion of the case (usually Chapter 13). Abuse is suspected if the debtor`s total current monthly income (as defined above) over 5 years, less certain legally eligible expenses, is greater than (i) $10,000 or (ii) 25% of the debtor`s non-priority unsecured debt, provided that this amount is at least $6,000.

The debtor can only rebut a presumption of abuse by proving special circumstances justifying additional expenses or adjustments to current monthly income. An official of the judiciary who has the power to adjudicate complaints before the courts. The term commonly used judge can also refer to all bailiffs, including Supreme Court judges. Bail – security for the release of an accused or witness in pre-trial detention (usually in the form of money) to ensure his or her appearance on the agreed day and time. A file containing pleadings, judgment, motions, judgment and other documents of a dispute. Legal acts must be compiled by the plaintiff and submitted for appeal to the Court of Appeal. Legal order requiring the competent official to execute a judgment, sanction or decree. The legal classification of unsecured claims in the Insolvency Code, which determines the order in which unsecured claims are paid when there is not enough money to pay all unsecured claims in full. A legal theory that alleges that the defendant abused a legal process, such as a subpoena or lawsuit. An injunction in the form of an injunction. An injunction that may be issued when an application for an interim injunction is filed in order to offer the defendant the threatened act until a hearing on the application can take place and differs from an interim injunction in that the former is intended only to limit until the status of issuing an interim injunction can be established; And it limits itself to limiting them. An act intended to confer legal authenticity on a registration so that the registration is legally admissible as evidence; Certified true copies of public documents are authenticated, and a certified true copy is a certified true copy that requires further verification.

A crime of a more serious nature than a misdemeanor. In general, an offence may be punishable by death or imprisonment for more than one year. The categories of offences and permissible penalties are as follows: for Class A crimes, imprisonment for a term of not less than ten years and not more than thirty years, or life imprisonment; for Class B offences, a term of not less than five years and not more than fifteen years; for Class C offences, a maximum period of seven years; for a Class D felony, a maximum period of five years. An action brought by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a claim that the defendant failed to comply with a legal obligation that caused harm to the plaintiff. Jurisdiction – (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have jurisdiction to hear the same case at the same time. Some issues may be brought in state and federal courts. The plaintiff first decides where to file the lawsuit, but in some cases, the defendant may try to change the court.

(2) The geographical area in which the court has jurisdiction to hear cases. For example, a federal court in a state can generally only decide a case arising from lawsuits filed in that state. A legal action or proceeding against the person based on personal liability. The legal system that originated in England and is now used in the United States is based on the articulation of legal principles in a historical succession of judicial decisions. Common law principles can be changed by statute. In criminal law, the constitutional guarantee that an accused receives a fair and impartial trial. In civil law, the legal rights of a person who is confronted with an adverse act that threatens liberty or property. A number of persons (traditionally 12) chosen to decide the substantive issues in a dispute. Also small jury. In family law or children`s law, the moment when a child becomes legally free from parental authority occurs automatically when he or she reaches the age of majority (18 in most cases).

This can happen earlier if the child is married or if he is abandoned by the parents and takes care of himself. Payment of all sums due in a court judgment. With respect to civil actions in “equity” and not in “law”. In English legal history, courts of “law” could order the payment of damages and could offer no other remedy (see damages). A separate “fairness” tribunal could order someone to do something or stop something (e.g., injunction). In U.S. jurisprudence, federal courts have both legal and just power, but the distinction is always important. For example, a jury trial is generally available in “legal cases,” but not in “fairness” cases. The name is applied to an action for damages brought by a person against whom a criminal or civil action was brought maliciously and without just cause after that action ended in favour of the person seeking damages. n. an order (order) issued by a court that orders someone to do something or prohibit an act after a court hearing.

The procedure is for a person who has suffered harm or is likely to be harmed, or his lawyer to (a) seek an injunction to protect his rights; (b) obtain a “reasoned order” from the judge asking the other party to explain why the injunction should not be granted; (c) serve the order (delivered personally) of the party who wishes him to be instructed to act or to be bound (“instructed”), the order to explain the reason; attend a hearing where both parties try to convince the judge why the injunction should or should not be granted. If there is a risk of immediate irreparable harm at the time of filing, a judge may issue an interim injunction, which takes effect upon service on the other party. This injunction remains in effect until the hearing or sometimes until the outcome of a lawsuit in which an injunction is one part of the plaintiff`s claims (in “prayer”). A final and continuous injunction is called a permanent injunction. Examples of injunctions include cutting down trees, creating harassment, polluting a watercourse, picketing beyond the limits of freedom of expression and assembly, or withdrawing funds from a bank account until ownership is established. So-called “mandatory” orders that require actions to be carried out may include returning property, blocking a road barrier, removing branches of a right of way, activating electricity or heating in an apartment building, or depositing disputed funds with the court.