Text mining (TM) methods have been widely used to extract relationships and events from the literature. In addition, TM techniques have been used to extract different types or dimensions of interpretive information, known as meta-knowledge (MK), from the context of relationships and events, such as negation, speculation, certainty, and type of knowledge. However, most existing methods have focused on extracting individual dimensions from MK without exploring how they can be combined to obtain even richer contextual information. In this paper, we describe a new supervised method for extracting new MK dimensions that encode research hypotheses (an author`s intended knowledge acquisition) and new knowledge (an author`s findings). The process includes various features, including a combination of simple MK dimensions. Unfortunately, there are currently no shareable links available for this article. This event clearly indicates the subject of the authors` investigation and must therefore be qualified as a hypothesis. It is likely that our system was confused by the title of the previous section, leading it to believe that it was part of the context or methods and not a statement about the research objectives intended by the authors. To overcome this problem, we could automatically identify these section headings and exclude them from the analyzed text or use them as additional characteristics in our classification system. Malhotra A, Younesi E, Gurulingappa H, Hofmann-Apitius M.

`HypothesisFinder:` a strategy for detection speculative statements in scientific texts. PLOS Comput Biol. 2013; 9(7):1-10. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003117. The research or clinical hypothesis is developed from the research question, and then the main elements of the study – sampling strategy, intervention (if any), comparison and outcome variables – are summarized in a form that forms the basis for testing, statistical significance and, ultimately, clinical significance.3 For example, in a research study in which computer-aided insertion of acetabular components with implementation Components in patients requiring total hip stents are compared, the experimental group would be computerized and the control/conventional group would be placed hands-free. The research team would first formulate a research hypothesis. This could be expressed as a single result (e.g. computer-aided placement of acetabular components leads to an improved functional outcome) or perhaps as a complex/composite result; That is, more than one result (for example, computer-aided placement of acetabular components leads to both better placement of X-ray cups and better functional result). Mizuta Y, necklace N. Identification of the area in biology articles as a basis for information extraction. In: Proceedings of the Joint International Workshop on Natural Language Processing in Biomedicine and its Applications. JNLPBA `04.

Stroudsburg: Association for Computational Linguistics: 2004. pp. 29-35. dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1567594.1567600. We presented a new application of text mining techniques for the discovery of research hypotheses and new knowledge at the event and relationship levels. This is the first study of the application of supervised methods to attribute these interpretative aspects to such a fine level. We first showed that by applying a random forest classifier using a new set of features, we were able to achieve better performance than previous knowledge type recognition efforts. We then showed that the fundamental dimensions of MK of knowledge type, knowledge source, and uncertainty can fuel the formation of classifiers who can predict whether events and relationships represent research hypotheses and new knowledge, with a high degree of accuracy. Our techniques can be integrated into a system that allows researchers to quickly filter information contained in abstracts of research papers, as the literature to date shows [3]. Our methods generally favor the accuracy of the positive class (i.e.

Research hypothesis or new knowledge). Specifically, we achieve an accuracy between 0.863 and 1.00 in all corpus experiments. This shows that our approach succeeds in avoiding the identification of false positives, so researchers can be sure that cases of research hypotheses or new knowledge identified by our method are generally correct. Ask if the if-then statement is verifiable or provable. Is that the kind of statement that you could provide evidence to prove it? Decide if you agree with the hypothesis. This will allow you to be convinced when you read the article or follow the experiment. Scientific hypotheses are essential for the progress of science and health. Innovative ideas should be based on a critical review of relevant scientific facts and evidence that is often overlooked by others. To generate realistic hypothetical theories, authors must comprehensively analyze the literature and propose a relevant and ethical design for future studies.

They should also consider their assumptions in the context of research and publication ethics standards that are acceptable to their target journals. Journal editors who wish to diversify their portfolio by maintaining and introducing hypotheses are able to update guidelines for related articles by highlighting general and specific analyses of the topic, preferred study designs for testing hypotheses, and ethical implications.